Hydro- and Pyrometallurgical Recovery of Battery Materials
In the area "Battery Recycling"
- Level
- Senior Technical
- Focus
- Theory and Practical
- Activity
- Unpopulated
Table of Contents
Objectives
Objective | Minimum Expected Coverage |
---|---|
Understand principles of hydro- and pyrometallurgical processes for battery recycling. |
Hydrometallurgy: Leaching: Acid (H₂SO₄, HCl) or alkaline (NaOH) dissolution of metals; Solvent extraction: Selective separation of Ni/Co/Mn; Electrowinning: Metal plating (e.g., Co, Ni) from solution. • Pyrometallurgy: Smelting: High-temperature (1200–1500°C) reduction to alloy (Ni-Co-Mn); Slag formation: SiO₂/CaO additives to capture impurities. |
Operate leaching, precipitation, and smelting equipment for metal recovery. |
Hydrometallurgical: Leach reactors (titanium-lined for acid resistance); Precipitation tanks (for Li₂CO₃ recovery). • Pyrometallurgical: Electric arc furnaces (for alloy production); Scrubbers (for SO₂/CO₂ emission control). |
Recover high-purity metals (Li, Ni, Co, Mn) from black mass. |
Lithium: ≥95% as Li₂CO₃ (battery-grade, ≤0.1% impurities). • Cobalt/Nickel: ≥98% purity for cathode precursor (pCAM) synthesis. |
Optimize process parameters (temperature, pH, reagent dosage) for efficiency. |
Leaching: Optimal pH (1.5–2.5 for H₂SO₄); Reductants (H₂O₂) for LiCoO₂ dissolution. • Smelting: Coke/coal ratio adjustment for reducing atmosphere. |
Manage waste streams and emissions to meet environmental regulations. |
Neutralization of acidic effluents (Ca(OH)₂). • Slag vitrification for safe disposal. • Baghouse filters (particulate control). • SO₂ scrubbing (wet limestone systems). |
Troubleshoot common recovery challenges (impurities, low yields). |
Low Li recovery: Incomplete leaching (increase acid/oxidant). • Alloy contamination: Excessive Fe/Al in feed (pre-sorting). |
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